Eating disorders (ED) are characterized by a constant alteration in eating and related behaviors. They cause disorders in food consumption, in many cases leading to a significant deterioration in the physical and emotional health of those who suffer from them. These disorders are related to self-perception and distortion of body image, showing an excessive concern for weight and figure.
Although there is a tendency to focus on young women when thinking about eating disorders, they can affect people of any age, racial and ethnic origin, body weight, and gender. People with eating disorders may be underweight, normal weight, or overweight. You cannot diagnose an ED based on appearance alone.
The incidence of eating disorders in children and adolescents is increasing worldwide. In Spain, the prevalence of anorexia nervosa is estimated at 0.19%, bulimia nervosa at 0.57%, and binge eating disorder at 1.2%. In total, it is estimated that between 1.2% and 5.7% of Spanish children and adolescents suffer from some type of eating disorder. Internationally, the prevalence is also high. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), anorexia nervosa affects 0.3% of women and 0.01% of men worldwide. Bulimia nervosa affects 0.5% of women and 0.1% of men. And binge eating disorder affects 1.5% of women and 0.3% of men.
Symptoms to watch out for
The symptoms of eating disorders can vary depending on the type of disorder. However, there are some signs that can help parents identify these problems.
- Changes in eating behavior: sudden weight loss or gain, restriction of food intake, binge eating, purging (vomiting, use of laxatives or diuretics, excessive exercise).
- Changes in body image: excessive concern for weight and figure, distortions of body image, self-criticism.
- Changes in mood: mood swings, irritability, anxiety, depression.
- Changes in behavior: social isolation, loss of interest in usual activities, concentration problems.
Prevention is relevant to address the problem
POSITIVE BODY IMAGE
Children and adolescents who have a positive body image are less likely to develop eating disorders. Parents can help promote a positive body image in their children by talking to them about the importance of accepting themselves in all aspects, regardless of image, weight, or size.
Other key points to consider for promoting a positive body image are:
- Talk to your children about the diversity of body shapes and sizes.
- Emphasize the positive qualities of your children, beyond their physical appearance.
- Avoid making negative comments about your own body or that of others.
HEALTHY EATING HABITS
Children and adolescents who have healthy eating habits are less likely to develop eating disorders. Families can help teach their children healthy eating habits by encouraging the consumption of varied and nutritious foods, and avoiding food restriction.
Other keys to promoting healthy habits:
- Offer your children a variety of healthy foods at home.
- Do not force your children to eat foods they do not like.
- Avoid making negative comments about food or eating.
CREATE A HEALTHY FAMILY ENVIRONMENT
Children who grow up in a healthy family environment are less likely to develop eating disorders. Parents can help create a healthy family environment by providing their children with a supportive and accepting environment.
Some elements to consider for creating a healthy family environment are:
- Express love and support to your children.
- Avoid criticism and rejection.
- Create a positive and welcoming family environment.
If you are a parent and are concerned about your child’s health, do not hesitate to ask for help. There are many resources available to support children and adolescents who suffer from eating disorders. We invite you to listen to our Doctor of Psychology, Nuria Ros, on La Tarde con Marina to expand on these guidelines and recommendations. At Dide.org, we are experts in detecting educational, emotional, and behavioral potential and difficulties early on so that we can intervene. You can access the diagnostic tool in this link.
